继承
类与实例
类的声明
生成实例
类与继承
如何实现继承
继承的几种方式
类的声明
类声明 构造函数
function Animal1() {
this.name = 'animal';
}
ES6中class的声明
class Animal2 {
constructor() {
this.name = 'animal';
}
}
1.构造函数方式进行继承
function Parent1() {
this.name = 'parent1';
}
function Child1() {
Parent1.call(this);
this.type = 'child1';
}
console.log(new Child1());
但是如果要继承原型对象上的方法是没办法继承的
// 借助构造函数
function Parent1() {
this.name = 'parent1';
}
//
Parent1.prototype.say = function () {
console.log('say');
}
//但是如果要继承原型对象上的方法是没办法继承的
function Child1() {
Parent1.call(this);
this.type = 'Child1';
}
console.log(new Child1());
2.借助原型链实现继承
function Parent2() {
this.name = 'parent2';
}
function Child2() {
this.type = 'child2';
}
Child2.prototype = new Parent2();//让child2的原型赋值为Parent2的实例
console.log(new Child2());
s1与s2之间不相互隔离
原型链中共用
function Parent2() {
this.name = 'parent2';
this.num = [1,2,3];
}
function Child2() {
this.type = 'child2';
}
Child2.prototype = new Parent2();//让child2的原型赋值为Parent2的实例
var s1 = new Child2();
var s2 = new Child2();
console.log(s1.play,s2.play);
3.组合方式
function Parent3() {
this.name = 'Parent3';
this.play = [1,2,3];
}
function Child3() {
Parent3.call(this);
this.type = 'child3';
}
Child3.prototype = new Parent3();//Child3的原型对象指向Parent3的实例
console.log(new child3);
父类构造函数执行了多次,没有必要的重复执行
4.组合方式改进1
function Parent4() {
this.name = 'parent4';
}
function Child4() {
Parent4.call(this);
this.type = 'child4';
}
Child4.prototype = Parent4.prototype;
var s5 = new Child4();
var s6 = new Child4();
console.log(s5,s6);
instanceof
和constructor
console.log(s5 instanceof Child4,s5 instanceof Parent4);
如何区分是子类实例化的还是父类实例化的
5.组合方式改进2
主要是在继承的时候让 子类的原型对象 =
Object.Create(父类构造函数的原型对象)
再通过改变子类的原型对象的constructor,因为此时的constructor的指向是父类原型对象的构造函数
function Parent5() {
this.name = 'Parent5';
this.play = [1,2,3];
}
function Child5() {
Parent5.call(this);
this.type = 'Child5'
}
Child5.prototype = Object.create(Parent5.prototype);
//通过Object.create()创建一个新的对象,传入的原型对象是Parent.prototype
console.log('组合继承改进2',new Child5);
//改变constructor的指向
function Parent6() {
this.name = 'Parent6';
this.play = [1,2,3];
}
function Child6() {
Parent6.call(this);
this.type = 'Child6'
}
Child6.prototype = Object.create(Parent6.prototype);
Child6.prototype.constructor = Child6;
console.log('组合继承改进2-constructor',new Child6);
6.原型式继承
//原型式继承
function object_oop(o) {
function F() {
}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
}
var person = {
name:"zhangjianan",
friends:["yueyue","red"]
};
var OnePerson = object_oop(person);
console.log('原型式继承',OnePerson);
OnePerson.name = "Goge";
console.log('原型式继承',OnePerson);
var TwoPerson = object_oop(person);
TwoPerson.friends.push("red");
console.log('原型式继承',OnePerson,TwoPerson);
//ES5原型式继承
var ThreePerson = Object.create(person,{
name: {
value:"XIXI"
}
})
console.log(ThreePerson);
var FourPerson = Object.create(ThreePerson,{
name:{
value:[1,2,3,4]
}
})
console.log('原型式继承',FourPerson);
ES5中主要使用Object.create()去创建对象
贴近实际开发原型链继承的例子
function Elem(id) {
this.elem = document.getElementById(id);
}
Elem.prototype.html = function (val) {
var elem = this.elem;
if (val) {
elem.innerHTML = val;
return this; // 链式操作
}else {
return elem.innerHTML;
}
}
Elem.prototype.on = function (type, fn) {
var elem = this.elem ;
elem.addEventListener(type, fn) ;
}
var div1 = new Elem('div1');
//console.log(div1.html());
div1.html('<p>tyrmars</p>
')
div1.on('click',function () {
alert('click')
})
写一个原型链继承的例子
//动物
function Animal(){
this.eat = function () {
console.log('animal eat');
}
}
//狗🐶
function Dog(){
this.bark = function () {
console.log('dog bark');
}
}
Dog.prototype = new Animal();
//哈士奇
var hashiqi = new Dog();
//如果要真正写,就要写更贴近实战的原型链
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